Binding of SARS-CoV-2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: clinical implications

Structural determinants for binding to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and angiotensin receptors 1 and 2

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a zinc carboxypeptidase involved in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and inactivates the potent vasopressive peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) by removing the C-terminal phenylalanine residue to yield Ang1-7. This conversion inactivates the vasoconstrictive action of Ang II and yields a peptide that acts as a vasodilatory molecule at the Mas receptor an...

The effect of progressive aerobic continuous training on angiotensin-1, angiotensin-2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 in patients with heart failure

Background: Chronic hypertension causes structural and functional changes in the heart, ultimately leading to heart failure (HF), which further increases mortality and morbidit. HF is a complex clinical syndrome caused by various structural or functional abnormalities of the heart that impair the filling capacity of the ventricles. The findings of various trials have shown the association betwe...

Characterisation of animal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors and use of pseudotyped virus to correlate receptor binding with susceptibility of SARS-CoV infection.

1. Comprehensive surveillance of civets, mice, cats, Golden Syrian hamsters, and horseshoe bats is suggested when SARS or SARS-like CoVs re-emerge in the human population in the future. 2. Rabbits and horseshoe bats are animal carriers of SARS-CoV. 3. Investigation of the genetic diversity of CoV in two bat species (Rhinolophus sinicus and Rhinolophus pearsonii) should provide insights into the...

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme in Sarcoidosis

Angiotensin-Converting Enzymes, the Key Components in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Infection and their Role in the Interaction of SARS-Cov-2 with Human Host Cells

Introduction: Over the past 20 years, seven coronaviruses have caused more or less severe respiratory diseases in humans. Among these, the most important ones are SARS-CoV and the coronavirus, a similar virus that has created a pandemic called Covid-19 since 2019, belonging to the b-category of beta-coronaviruses called Sarbecovirus. This virus is due to a kind of spike-like structure to the A...